10 – Abbreviations and terminology

10.1 – RISM Instrument abbreviations

RISM instrument abbreviations

The section RISM instrument abbreviations contains the standardized list of abbreviations used by RISM to designate instruments, including vocal instruments.

In general, names of instrument families (such as strings) are in English and names of individual instruments are abbreviated based on their name in Italian. Voice parts are written using capital letters and non-vocal instruments are written using lower-case letters.

Names of regional instruments not on the list should be written out in full in the original language.

General abbreviations and concepts
- Additions to any instrument to indicate a range
- Additions to any instrument to indicate a type
- Additions to any wind instrument to indicate a tuning other than standard tuning
- Unspecified or unknown types or numbers of instruments
Vocal (voice) terms
Strings
Woodwinds
Brass
Plucked instruments
Percussion, other
Keyboard instruments
Basso continuo

General abbreviations and concepts

iSol

Example: iSol: vl
EN: continuous solo instrument in a work, typically with a separately written-out part (not used for instruments that have extensive solo passages, such as an oboe in a cantata)
DE: Nur für Soloinstrumente in Konzerten.
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

brasses

EN: brass instruments (cor, clno or tr, trb)
DE: Blechblasinstrumente
FR: cuivres
IT: ottoni
PL:
PT:

strings

EN: strings
DE: Streichinstrumente
FR: cordes
IT: archi
PL:
PT:

winds

EN: winds (brass and woodwind)
DE: Blasinstrumente
FR: instruments à vent
IT: strumenti a fiato
PL:
PT:

woodwinds

EN: woodwinds
DE: Holzblasinstrumente
FR: bois
IT: legni
PL:
PT:

orch

EN: orchestra
DE: Orchester
FR: orchestre
IT: orchestra
PL:
PT:

pf (cemb) etc.

Examples:
- pf (orch)
- T (S)
EN: Add alternative scoring possibilities to the original requirements in square brackets.
DE:
FR:

Additions to any instrument to indicate a range

EN: Use the following before any instrument to make it:
DE: Kann einem Instrument vorangestellt werden:

Example: s-saxofono
EN: soprano
DE: Sopran
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Example: a-trb
EN: alto
DE: Alt
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

contra-

Example: contra-fag
EN: contra- or counter-
DE: Kontra
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

contra-a-

Example: contra-a-cl (in E|b)
EN: contralto
DE: Kontra-Alt
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Example: t-trb
EN: tenor
DE: Tenor
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

bariton-

Example: bariton-trb
EN: baritone
DE: Bariton
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Example: b-trb
EN: bass
DE: Bass
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Additions to any instrument to indicate a type

EN: Use the following after an instrument
DE: Kann einem Instrument angehängt werden.

ad lib

Example: ob ad lib
EN: ad libitum
DE: ad libitum
FR: ad libitum
IT: ad libitum
PL:
PT:

conc

Example: vl conc
EN: concertino, concertato
DE: concertino, concertato
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

d’amore

Example: ob d’amore
EN: d’amore
DE: d’amore
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

.picc

Example: fl.picc
EN: piccolo
DE: piccolo
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

princ

Example: vl princ
EN: principale (i.e. concertante)
DE: principale
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

rip

Example: vl rip
EN: ripieno
DE: ripieno
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Additions to any wind instrument to indicate a tuning other than standard tuning
Bezeichnet die Stimmung eines Blasinstrumentes

in A

Example: cl in A

in E|b

Example: cor in E|b

etc.

Unspecified or unknown types or numbers of instruments

(X)

Example:
- vl (X)
- V (X)
EN: an unspecified number
DE: Eine unbekannte Anzahl einer Stimme.
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

dessus

EN: dessus, soprano (instrumental)
DE: dessus (instr., Sopranlage)
FR: dessus (instrumentale, soprano)
IT: strumentale superiore
PL:
PT:

hautecontre

EN: hautecontre (usually an unspecified alto instrument)
DE: Hautecontre (instr., in Altlage)
FR: haute-contre (instrumentale)
IT: haute-contre, strumento contralto
PL:
PT:

EN: unknown/unspecified instrument, general instrumental part
DE: Unbekannte(s) Instrument/ Instrumentalstimme
FR: partie instrumentale
IT: parte strumentale
PL:
PT:

taille

EN: tenor instrument/part
DE: Taille (instr.)
FR: taille (instrument)
IT: strumento tenore
PL:
PT:

treble

EN: highest voice (instrument)
DE: Treble (instr., höchste Stimmlage)
FR: partie instrumentale la plus aiguë dans le mouvement
IT: parte strumentale più acuta nel movimento
PL:
PT:

no further indication

EN: no further details of the part designations are available
DE: Keine weitere Angabe
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

no indication

EN: instrumentation is not specified
DE: Keine Angabe
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Vocal (voice) terms

Solo voices

EN: soprano, cantus, discant, discantus, tiple (vocal)
DE: Sopran (vokal), Cantus, Diskant
FR: soprano (vocale), cantus, discantus
IT: soprano (vocale), cantus, discantus
PL:
PT:

Mezzo-S

EN: mezzo-soprano (vocal)
DE: Mezzosopran (vokal)
FR: mezzo-soprano (vocale)
IT: mezzosoprano (vocale)
PL:
PT:

EN: alto (vocal)
DE: Alt (vokal)
FR: alto (vocale)
IT: contralto (vocale)
PL:
PT:

Contra-A

EN: contralto (vocal)
DE: Kontra-Alt
FR: contralto (vocale)
IT: contralto (vocale)
PL:
PT:

EN: tenor (vocal)
DE: Tenor (vokal)
FR: ténor (vocale)
IT: tenore (vocale)
PL:
PT:

Bariton

EN: baritone (vocal)
DE: Bariton (vokal)
FR: bariton (vocale)
IT: baritono (vocale)
PL:
PT:

EN: bass (vocal)
DE: Bass (vokal)
FR: basse (vocale)
IT: basso (vocale)
PL:
PT:

EN: voice (vocal), solo vocal part
DE: Solovokalstimme
FR: partie vocale
IT: parte vocale
PL:
PT:

Dessus

EN: dessus, soprano (vocal)
DE: Dessus (vokal, Sopranlage)
FR: dessus (vocale, soprano)
IT: vocale superiore
PL:
PT:

Sprechstimme

EN: spoken voice, spoken roles, narrator, Sprechstimme
DE: Sprechstimme
FR: partie parlée
IT: voce recitante
PL:
PT:

Treble

EN: highest voice (vocal)
DE: Treble (vokal, höchste Stimmlage)
FR: partie vocale la plus aiguë dans le mouvement
IT: parte vocale più acuta nel movimento
PL:
PT:

V 5

EN: quinta vox, 5th voice (vocal)
DE: Quinta Vox
FR: cinquième voix
IT: quinta voce
PL:
PT:

V 6

EN: sexta vox, 6th voice (vocal)
DE: Sexta Vox
FR: sixième voix
IT: sesta voce
PL:
PT:

Vag

EN: vagans (additional vocal voice)
DE: Vagans
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Chorus/Choir

Coro

EN: choir, chorus
DE: Chor
FR: chœur
IT: coro
PL:
PT:

Coro S

EN: the soprano part in a chorus
DE: Sopranstimme im Chor
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Coro A

EN: the alto part in a chorus
DE: Altstimme im Chor
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Coro T

EN: the tenor part in a chorus
DE: Tenorstimme im Chor
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Coro B

EN: the bass part in a chorus
DE: Bassstimme im Chor
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Coro V

EN: an unspecified or unknown chorus part
DE: Unbekannte Stimme im Chor
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Coro 1:
Coro 2: etc.

Examples:
- Coro 1: S
- Coro 1: A
- Coro 2: S
- Coro 2: A
EN: use to differentiate between multiple choirs.
DE:
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Coro di fanciulli

EN: children’s choir, boys’ choir, girls’ choir
DE: Kinderchor
FR: chœur d’enfants
IT: coro di fanciulli
PL:
PT:

Coro femminile

EN: womens’ choir
DE: Frauenchor
FR: chœur de femmes
IT: coro femminile
PL:
PT:

Coro maschile

EN: mens’ choir
DE: Männerchor
FR: chœur d’hommes
IT: coro maschile
PL:
PT:

Strings

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: violin (do not differentiate between 1st and 2nd violins)
DE: Violine
FR: violon
IT: violino
PL:
PT:

vl conc

EN: violin concertino
DE: Violino concertino
FR: violino concertino
IT: violino concertino
PL:
PT:

vl princ

EN: violin principale
DE: Violino principale
FR: violino principale
IT: violino principale
PL:
PT:

vl rip

EN: violin ripieno
DE: Violino ripieno
FR: violino ripieno
IT: violino ripieno
PL:
PT:

vl solo

EN: solo violin part (but not for concertos)
DE: Solovioline
FR: violon seul
IT: violino solo
PL:
PT:

vla

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: viola
DE: Viola
FR: viole
IT: viola
PL:
PT:

a-vla

EN: alto viola
DE: Altviola
FR: viole alto
IT: viola alto
PL:
PT:

vlc

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: violoncello, cello
DE: Violoncello
FR: violoncelle
IT: violoncello
PL:
PT:

EN: contrabass, double bass
DE: Kontrabass
FR: contrebasse
IT: contrabasso
PL:
PT:

EN: unspecified basso instrument

baryton

Link: Link to MIMO Link to Wikipedia
EN: baryton (bass string instrument)
DE: Baryton (Streichinstrument mit Resonanzsaiten)
FR: baryton
IT: viola di bordone
PL:
PT:

fiddle

EN: fiddle
DE: Fidel
FR: vièle, vielle
IT: viella, fidula
PL:
PT:

violetta

EN: violetta, violetta piccola (a descant viol, can also mean violin)
DE: Violetta (eine Viole)
FR: violetta
IT: violetta
PL:
PT:

violetta marina

EN: violetta marina
DE: Violetta marina
FR: violetta marina
IT: violetta marina
PL:
PT:

vla basso

EN: viola basso
DE: Bassviola
FR: basse de viole
IT: viola bassa
PL:
PT:

vla bastarda

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: viola bastarda
DE: Viola bastarda
FR: viola bastarda
IT: viola bastarda
PL:
PT:

vla d’amore

EN: viola d’amore
DE: Viola d’amore
FR: viole d’amour
IT: viola d’amore
PL:
PT:

vla da braccio

EN: viola da braccio
DE: Viola da braccio
FR: viola da braccio
IT: viola da braccio
PL:
PT:

vla da gamba

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: viola da gamba, viol, gamba
DE: Viola da gamba
FR: viola da gamba
IT: viola da gamba
PL:
PT:

s-vla da gamba

EN: treble viola da gamba
DE: Sopran-Viola da gamba
FR: dessus de viole
IT: viola da gamba soprano
PL:
PT:

t-vla da gamba

EN: tenor viola da gamba
DE: Tenor-Viola da gamba
FR: viole de gambe ténor
IT: viola da gamba tenore
PL:
PT:

b-vla da gamba

EN: bass viola da gamba
DE: Bass-Viola da gamba
FR: basse de viole
IT: basso di viola
PL:
PT:

vla pomposa

EN: viola pomposa
DE: Viola pomposa
FR: viola pomposa
IT: viola pomposa
PL:
PT:

vlne

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: violone (related to double bass)
DE: Violone
FR: violone
IT: violone
PL:
PT:

strings

EN: strings
DE: Streichinstrumente
FR: cordes
IT: archi
PL:
PT:

Woodwinds

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: flute, transverse flute (held horizontally, in C)
DE: Flöte, Querflöte
FR: flûte (traversière)
IT: flauto (traverso)
PL:
PT:

.picc

Link: Link to MIMO Link to Wikipedia
EN: piccolo, ottavino
DE: Piccoloflöte
FR: piccolo
IT: flauto piccolo
PL:
PT:

fl d’amore

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: flûte d’amour, flauto d’amore (in A or A|b)
DE: Flauto d’amore (in A oder A|b)
FR: flûte d’amour
IT: flauto d’amore
PL:
PT:

fl dolce

EN: flauto dolce (can refer to recorder, or flute in some 19th-century sources)
DE: Flauto dolce (italienischer Begriff für Blockflöte, meint im 19. Jh. auch die Querflöte)
FR: flûte douce
IT: flauto dolce
PL:
PT:

fl quarto

EN: flauto quarto (small flute tuned a fourth above a flute)
DE: Quartflöte
FR:
IT: flauto quarto
PL:
PT:

fl terzino

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: Flute in E|b, soprano flute, third flute, tierce flute (flute tuned a minor third above a flute)
DE: Terzflöte (in E|b)
FR: flûte tierce
IT: flauto terzino
PL:
PT:

flautino

EN: flautino (can refer to soprano recorder or piccolo)
DE: Flautino, Sopraninoblockflöte
FR: flautino
IT: flautino
PL:
PT:

Link: Link to MIMO Link to Wikipedia
EN: oboe (in C)
DE: Oboe
FR: hautbois
IT: oboe
PL:
PT:

cor inglese

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: cor anglais, English horn (in F)
DE: Englischhorn (in Altlage, zur Oboenfamilie gehörig, Stimmung in F)
FR: cor anglais
IT: corno inglese
PL:
PT:

ob d’amore

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: oboe d’amore (in A, a minor third lower than oboe)
DE: Oboe d’amore (in A)
FR: hautbois d’amour
IT: oboe d’amore
PL:
PT:

ob da caccia

Link: Link to MIMO Link to Wikipedia
EN: oboe da caccia, oboe di silva (a curved oboe, in F)
DE: Oboe da caccia (gekrümmte Oboe, in F)
FR: hautbois de chasse
IT: oboe da caccia
PL:
PT:

ob grande

EN: oboe grande, mezzo-soprano oboe (usually in A or B|b)
DE: Oboe grande (in Mezzosopranlage, Stimmung in A oder B|b)
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

t-ob

EN: A (any) tenor oboe. Indicate key if known.
DE: Tenoroboe
FR:
IT: oboe tenore
PL:
PT:

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: clarinet (indicate tuning when known)
DE: Klarinette (Bitte die Stimmung angeben, wenn sie bekannt ist.)
FR: clarinette
IT: clarinetto
PL:
PT:

b-cl

Link: Link to MIMO Link to Wikipedia
EN: bass clarinet (in B|b)
DE: Bassklarinette (in B|b)
FR: clarinette basse
IT: clarinetto basso
PL:
PT:

cl in A

EN: clarinet in A
DE: A-Klarinette
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

cl in E|b

EN: E|b clarinet
DE: Es-Klarinette
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

cor di bassetto

Link: Link to MIMO Link to Wikipedia
EN: basset horn (clarinet family)
DE: Bassetthorn (in Tenorlage, zur Klarinettenfamilie gehörig)
FR: cor de basset
IT: corno di bassetto
PL:
PT:

chalumeau

EN: chalumeau (single-reed instrument, precursor of the clarinet)
DE: Chalumeau (Einfachrohrblattinstrument, Vorläufer der Klarinette)
FR: chalumeau
IT: salmoè
PL:
PT:

saxofono

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: saxophone. Use prefix s-, a-, etc. if known.
DE: Saxophon (Bitte die Stimmung angeben, wenn sie bekannt ist.)
FR: saxophone
IT: saxofono, sassofono
PL:
PT:

s-saxofono

Link: Link to MIMO Link to Wikipedia
EN: soprano saxophone (in B|b)
DE: Sopransaxophon (in B|b)
FR: saxophone soprano
IT: saxofono/ sassofono soprano
PL:
PT:

a-saxofono

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: alto saxophone (in E|b)
DE: Altsaxophon (in E|b)
FR: saxophone alto
IT:
PL:
PT:

t-saxofono

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: tenor saxophone (in B|b)
DE: Tenorsaxophon (in B|b)
FR: saxophone ténor
IT: saxofono/ sassofono tenore
PL:
PT: bariton-saxofono
EN: baritone saxophone
DE: Baritonsaxophon
FR: saxophone baryton
IT: saxofono/ sassofono baritono
PL:
PT:

fag

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: bassoon
DE: Fagott
FR: basson
IT: fagotto
PL:
PT:

contra-fag

EN: contrabassoon, double bassoon
DE: Kontrafagott
FR: contrebasson
IT: controfagotto
PL:
PT:

t-fag

Link: Link to MIMO Link to Wikipedia
EN: tenor bassoon, tenoron (in F)
DE: Tenorfagott (in F)
FR: basson quinte
IT: fagotto tenore
PL:
PT:

bagpipe

EN: bagpipe, bagpipes
DE: Dudelsack
FR: cornemuse
IT: cornamusa
PL:
PT:

bombarde

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: bombardon, bombarde, pommer; alto, tenor, and bass shawm (low woodwind instrument, typically with a double reed, with one key or keyless)
DE: Bombarde, Pommer (Doppelrohrblattinstrument)
FR: bombarde
IT: bombarda
PL:
PT:

chirimía

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: chirimía (a type of Spanish shawm, double-reed instrument)
DE: Chirimía (Doppelrohrblattinstrument, spanischer Begriff für eine Art Oboe)
FR: chirimía
IT:
PL:
PT:

ciaramella

EN: shawm (but see also piffero and bombarde [for the pommer])
DE: Ciaramella (eine Schalmei, Doppelrohrblattinstrument)
FR: chalemie
IT: ciaramella
PL:
PT:

fiffaro

Link: Link to MIMO Link to Wikipedia
EN: fife (similar to a piccolo)
DE: Querpfeife (hohe Querflöte), Schwegel (in der Volksmusik)
FR: fifre
IT: fiffaro
PL:
PT:

ocarina

Link: Link to MIMO Link to Wikipedia
EN: ocarina (round, hollow flute, typically shaped like an elongated egg)
DE: Okarina (eine Gefäßflöte)
FR: ocarina
IT: ocarina
PL:
PT:

piffero

EN: shawm, especially high ones (but see chalumeau); fife; small flute
DE: Piffero (zur Oboenfamilie gehörig)
FR: piffero
IT: piffero
PL:
PT:

recorder

EN: recorder
DE: Blockflöte
FR: flûte à bec
IT: flauto dolce
PL:
PT:

sopranino

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: sopranino recorder (in F)
DE: Sopraninoblockflöte (in F)
FR: sopranino
IT: sopranino
PL:
PT:

woodwinds

EN: woodwinds
DE: Holzblasinstrumente
FR: bois
IT: legni
PL:
PT:

zufoletto

EN: zufoletto
DE: Zufoletto
FR: zufoletto
IT: zufoletto
PL:
PT:

Brass

banda

EN: wind band, usually brass, but can also mean brass instruments or brass plus percussion
DE: Blaskapelle (oft um Schlagwerk erweitert)
FR: orchestre d’harmonie
IT: banda musicale
PL:
PT:

althorn

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: althorn (usually in E|b; see also saxhorn and tenor horn)
DE: Althorn (in E|b; vgl. mit Saxhorn und Tenorhorn)
FR: bugle alto
IT: flicorno contralto
PL:
PT:

EN: bass (instrumental), also for unspecified bass instrument
DE: Bass (instr.), zumeist ein tiefes Streichinstrument
FR: basse (instrumentale)
IT: basso (strumento)
PL:
PT:

bariton

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: baritone, baritone horn (valved brass instrument in B|b, similar to but not the same as the euphonium)
DE: Baritonhorn (in B|b)
FR: euphonium
IT: eufonio, flicorno baritono
PL:
PT:

bombardino

EN: flicorno, bombardino (bugle/flugelhorn family)
DE: Bombardino (vgl. mit Euphonium)
FR:
IT: bombardino
PL:
PT:

bombardone

EN: bass tuba, bombardon
DE: Bombardone, Basstuba
FR: bombardon
IT: bombardone
PL:
PT:

brasses

EN: brass instruments
DE: Blechblasinstrumente
FR: cuivres
IT: ottoni
PL:
PT:

bugle

Link: Link to MIMO
Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: bugle (no valves, typically in B|b or C)
DE: Horn (ohne Ventile, in C oder B|b)
FR: bugle
IT: bugle, flicorno
PL:
PT:

cimbasso

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: cimbasso (trombone family, pitched in C, F, E|b or B|b)
DE: Cimbasso (tiefe Ventilposaune in C, F, E|b oder B|b)
FR: cimbasso
IT: cimbasso
PL:
PT:

clno

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: clarino, clairon, clarion (trumpet family)
DE: Klarine (zur Trompetenfamilie gehörig)
FR: clarine
IT: clarino
PL:
PT:

cnto

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: cornetto, cornett, zink (Renaissance wind instrument; for the trumpet-like brass instrument, see kornetto)
DE: Zink (Gilt als Blechblasinstrument wegen seines Kesselmundstücks.)
FR: cornet
IT: cornetto
PL:
PT:

cor

EN: horn, French horn, hunting horn (in F)
DE: Horn, Waldhorn (meist in F, auch B|b oder E|b)
FR: cor d’harmonie
IT: corno
PL:
PT:

cor a chiavi

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: keyed bugle, key bugle, Kent bugle
DE: Klappenhorn
FR: bugle à clefs
IT: cornetta a chiavi
PL:
PT:

cor basso

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: bass horn (semi-spherical mouthpiece like a trumpet, looks like a bassoon)
DE: Basshorn (mit Kesselmundstück, aus der Familie der Grifflochhörner, einem Fagott ähnlich aussehend)
FR: cor grave
IT: corno basso
PL:
PT:

cor crom

EN: valve horn, chromatic cor
DE: Chromatisches Horn
FR: cor chromatique
IT: corno cromatico
PL:
PT:

cor da caccia

EN: corno da caccia, hunting horn
DE: Corno da caccia, Jagdhorn
FR: corno da caccia
IT: corno da caccia
PL:
PT:

dugetto

EN: dugetto (a low trumpet, in bass clef)
DE: dugetto
FR: dugetto
IT: dugetto
PL:
PT:

euphonium

EN: euphonium
DE: Euphonium (zur Familie der Bügelhörner gehörig)
FR: euphonium
IT: eufonio
PL:
PT:

fanfare

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: fanfare trumpet, herald’s trumpet, Aida trumpet (usually in E|b)
DE: Fanfarentrompete, Heroldstrompete
FR: fanfare
IT: fanfara
PL:
PT:

flügelhorn

Link: Link to MIMO
Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: flugelhorn (in B|b)
DE: Flügelhorn (in B|b, selten in C)
FR: bugle à piston
IT: flicorno (soprano)
PL:
PT:

harmonie-b

EN: basse d’harmonie (ophicleide; but see also ophicleide)
DE: Harmoniebass
FR: basse d’harmonie
IT: strumento più basso di una banda
PL:
PT:

helikon

Link: Link to MIMO
Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: helicon (tuba family, tubing goes around head and arm)
DE: Helikon, Helikontuba
FR: hélicon
IT: helicon, elicone
PL:
PT:

kornettino

EN: cornettino (brass instrument!)
DE: Kornettino
FR: cornettino (cuivre)
IT: cornettino (ottone)
PL:
PT:

kornetto

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: cornet (brass instrument, similar to trumpet, not cnto!)
DE: Kornetto (nicht cnto)
FR: cornet (pas cnto)
IT: cornetto (non cnto)
PL:
PT:

lituus

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: lituus (instrument with long tube that curves up at the end)
DE: Lituus
FR: lituus
IT: lituus
PL:
PT:

ophicleide

Link: Link to MIMO
Link. Link to Wikipedia
EN: ophicleide (keyed brass instrument; see also harmonie-b)
DE: Ophikleide (zur Familie der Klappenhörner gehörig)
FR: ophicléide
IT: oficleide
PL:
PT:

piston

EN: piston, rotary valve cornet
DE: Ein (Ventil-)Kornett
FR: cornet à pistons
IT: cornetto a pistoni
PL:
PT:

posthorn

Link: Link to MIMO
Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: post horn, posthorn
DE: Posthorn
FR: cor postal
IT: corno postale
PL:
PT:

principale

EN: principale (refers to trumpets)
DE: Prinzipaltrompete
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

saxhorn

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: saxhorn. Some languages call some or all instruments of the family “saxhorn” while other languages use unique names. Always add pitch if known.
DE: Saxhorn
FR: saxhorn
IT: saxhorn
PL:
PT:

serpentone

Link: Link to MIMO
Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: serpent
DE: Serpent (in Basslage, zur Zinkenfamilie gehörig)
FR: serpent
IT: serpentone
PL:
PT:

t-cor

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: mellophone, mellophonium, tenor cor (in F)
DE: Mellophon (in F, zur Familie der Hörner gehörig)
FR:
IT:
PL:
PT:

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: tuba
DE: Tuba
FR: tuba
IT: tuba
PL:
PT:

tenor horn

EN: tenor horn, E|b horn (valved brass instrument of alto pitch, usually E|b; see also althorn and saxhorn)
DE: Tenorhorn
FR: bugle ténor
IT: flicorno tenore
PL:
PT:

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: trumpet
DE: Trompete
FR: trompette
IT: tromba
PL:
PT:

tr a chiavi

Link: Link to MIMO
Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: keyed trumpet
DE: Klappentrompete
FR: trompette à clefs
IT: tromba a chiavi
PL:
PT:

tr crom

EN: valve trumpet
DE: Chromatische (Ventil-)Trompete
FR: trompette chromatique
IT: tromba cromatica
PL:
PT:

trb

Link: Link to Wikipedia
EN: trombone (in B|b)
DE: Posaune
FR: trombone
IT: trombone
PL:
PT:

a-trb

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: alto trombone (in E|b or F, common from 16th-18th centuries)
DE: Altposaune (in E|b oder F, stark verbreitet vom 16.-18. Jh. und darüberhinaus)
FR: trombone alto
IT: trombone alto
PL:
PT

bariton-trb

EN: baritone trombone
DE: Baritonposaune
FR: trombone baryton
IT: trombone baritono
PL:
PT:

t-trb

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: tenor trombone (in B|b)
DE: Tenorposaune (in B|b)
FR: trombone ténor
IT: trombone tenore
PL:
PT:

b-trb

Link: Link to MIMO
EN: bass trombone (in F, G, or B|b)
DE: Bassposaune (in F, G, oder B|b)
FR: trombone basse
IT: trombone basso
PL:
PT:

trb a pistoni

EN: valve trombone
DE: Ventilposaune
FR: trombone à pistons
IT: trombone a pistoni
PL:
PT:

trombetta

EN: a small trumpet or tenor trombone
DE: Trombetta (kürzere, höher klingende Variante der Barocktrompete)
FR: petite trompette
IT: trombetta
PL:
PT:

trombino

EN: a high trumpet
DE: Piccolotrompete
FR: trompette piccolo
IT: trombino
PL:
PT:

Plucked instruments

arciliuto

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_CIMU_ALOES_0160916/archiluth
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archlute
EN: archlute
DE: Erzlaute
FR: archiluth
IT: arciliuto

arp

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_CIMU_ALOES_0156103/harpe
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harp
EN: harp
DE: Harfe
FR: harpe
IT: arpa

guit

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar
EN: guitar
DE: Guitarre
FR: guitare
IT: chitarra

electric-guit

EN: electric guitar
DE:
FR:
IT:

b-electric-guit

EN: bass electric guitar
DE:
FR:
IT:

lira

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyre
EN: lyre
DE: Lyra
FR: lyre
IT: lira

lute

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_ULEI_M0000490/laute
EN: lute
DE: Laute
FR: luth
IT: liuto

mandoline

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandolin
EN: mandolin
DE: Mandoline
FR: mandoline
IT: mandolino

plck

EN: plucked instrument(s)
DE: Zupfinstrument(e)
FR: instrument(s) à cordes pincées
IT: strumento/i a pizzico

requinto

EN: requinto (similar to a guitar)
DE: Requinto (Eine kleinere Gitarre)
FR: requinto
IT: requinto

salterio

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_SMS_MM_POS T_2889/psalterium
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psaltery
EN: psaltery (zither family)
DE: Psalterium, Psalter (zur Familie der Zithern gehörig)
FR: psaltérion
IT: salterio

theorbe

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_CIMU_ALOES_0161812/theorbe
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theorbo
EN: theorbo (lute family)
DE: Theorbe (zur Lautenfamilie gehörig)
FR: théorbe
IT: tiorba

zither

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zither
EN: zither
DE: Zither
FR: cithare
IT: zither

Percussion, other

batt

EN: drums, drum set, drum kit (battery)
DE: Schlagzeug
FR: batterie
IT: batteria

birds singing

EN: birds singing (can be an unspecified instrument that is supposed to represent birdsong)
DE: Ein Instrument, das Vogelgezwitscher imitiert.
FR:
IT:

campana

EN: bell, handbell (see also campanella, sonagli [sleigh bells])
DE: Glocke
FR: cloche
IT: campana campane

tub

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_CIMU_ALOES_0156965
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubular_bells
EN: chimes, tubular bells
DE: Röhrenglocken
FR: cloche tubulaire
IT: campane tubolari

campanella

EN: small bell (see also campana)
DE: Glöckchen
FR: clochettes
IT: campanella

campanelli

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glockenspiel
EN: glockenspiel, bells (tuned metal bars arranged like a keyboard; one-octave models commonly but inaccurately called xylophone; see also lyra for the instrument played upright and held in the arm)
DE: Glockenspiel (Stabspiel, ein Metallophon)
FR: glockenspiel
IT: glockenspiel carillon
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carillon
EN: carillon
DE: Carillon, Glockenspiel
FR: carillon
IT: carillon cassa

rullante

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenor_drum
EN: tenor drum, parade drum
DE: Rührtrommel, Paradetrommel
FR: caisse roulante
IT: cassa rullante castagnette
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castanets
EN: castanets (held in one hand or attached by a handle)
DE: Kastagnetten
FR: castagnettes
IT: castagnette

cimb

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/MINIM_UK_UEDIN_2065
EN: small cymbals, finger cymbals
DE: Zimbeln, Fingerzimbeln
FR: cymbales, sagattes
IT: cimbalini (a dita)

cimbalom

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulcimer
EN: dulcimer, cimbalom
DE: Zymbal, Hackbrett
FR: cymbalum
IT: cimbalom

claves

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_CIMU_ALOES_0158649/claves-paire
EN: claves (two cylindrical hardwood sticks)
DE: Klanghölzer
FR: claves
IT: claves, legnetti

conga

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conga
EN: congas, conga drums
DE: Konga
FR: conga
IT: conga

cymb antiques

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotales
EN: antique cymbals, crotales (small tuned metal disks, played with a mallet)
DE: Antike Zimbeln, Crotales
FR: crotales
IT: crotales

glass harmonica

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_ULEI_M0000349/glasharmonika
EN: glass harmonica, glass armonica, glass harmonium, bowl organ, hydrocrystalophone, armonica, harmonica (glass bowls rubbed with fingertips; for glasses instead of bowls, see musical glasses)
DE: Glasharmonika
FR: harmonica de verre
IT: armonica a bicchieri, glassarmonica

gong

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gong
EN: gong
DE: Gong
FR: gong
IT: gong

grancassa

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/MINIM_UK_UEDIN_4558
Link. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_drum
EN: bass drum
DE: Große Trommel
FR: grosse caisse
IT: grancassa

kuckuck

EN: cuckoo
DE: Kuckuck
FR: coucou
IT: cuculo

lyra

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glockenspiel#/media/File:SF_Chinese_new_year_p1060738.jpg
EN: bell lyre, bell lyra, lyra glockenspiel (glockenspiel played upright and held in the arm)
DE: Lyra, Militär-Lyra (ein Metallophon)
FR:
IT:

maracas

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maraca
EN: maracas
DE: Maracas
FR: maracas
IT: maracas

marimba

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba
EN: marimba (typically with long metal tubes, played standing)
DE: Marimba, Marimbaphon
FR: marimba
IT: marimba

musical clock

EN: musical clock (a clock combined with a mechanical instrument that plays music)
DE: Flötenuhr
FR:
IT: orologio meccanico

musical glasses

EN: musical glasses (glasses played by striking or rubbing; for bowls, see glass harmonica)
DE: Glasharfe
FR: verrillon, vérillon
IT: glasspiel, bicchieri musicali

nacchere

EN: rattle
DE: Rassel
FR: hochet
IT: nacchere

nachtigall

EN: nightingale
DE: Nachtigall
FR: rossignol
IT: usignolo

piatti

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_SMS_MM_POST_611/cymbaler
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbal
EN: cymbal(s) (pair)
DE: Becken
FR: cymbales
IT: piatti piatti

cinesi

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_CIMU_ALOES_0920367/cymbale-chinoise
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_cymbal
EN: Chinese cymbal(s) (cymbal with upturned edges and raised cup)
DE: Chinesische Zimbeln
FR: cymbales chinoises
IT: piatti cinesi piatti

sospesi

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspended_cymbal
EN: suspended/hanging/hung/free cymbal(s)
DE: Hängende Zimbeln
FR: cymbales suspendues
IT: piatti sospesi ratsche
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratchet_(instrument)
EN: ratchet
DE: Ratsche
FR: crécelle
IT: raganella

sonagli

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/MINIM_UK_UEDIN_1744
EN: sleigh bells
DE: Glockenstab, Schlittengeläut
FR: grelots
IT: sonagli

spoons

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoon_(musical_instrument)
EN: spoons
DE: Löffel
FR: cuillers, cuillères
IT: cucchiai

stck

EN: percussion (general, as a group)
DE: Schlagzeug, Schlagwerk
FR: batterie
IT: percussioni, batteria

tam-tam

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gong
EN: tam-tam (a kind of gong)
DE: Tamtam
FR: tam-tam
IT: tam-tam

tamb

EN: drum (also if the kind of drum is not specified)
DE: Trommel
FR: tambour
IT: tamburo

tamb a corda

EN: string drum, lion roar, lion’s roar (a drum with a string that is rubbed)
DE: Tambourin à cordes
FR: tambour(in) à cordes
IT: tamburo a corda tamb di provenza
EN: tabor, field drum, long drum
DE: Tambourin de Provence
FR: tambourin de Provence
IT: tamburo di Provenza

tamb senza corda

EN: drum with snares off
DE: Tambour sans cordes, Trommel ohne Schnarrsaiten
FR: tambour sans cordes
IT: tamburo senza corde

tamb turco

EN: Turkish drum
DE: Große Trommel, Türkische Trommel
FR: tambour turc
IT: tamburo turco

tamburello

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_ULEI_M0006078/schellentrommel
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambourine
EN: tambourine, hand drum
DE: Tamburello (eine Rahmentrommel)
FR: tambour de basque
IT: tamburello

tamburino

Link: http://collectionsdumusee.philharmoniedeparis.fr/doc/MUSEE/0156894
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snare_drum
EN: snare drum, military drum, side drum, concert drum
DE: Kleine Trommel
FR: caisse claire
IT: tamburino

timbales

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbales
EN: timbales (drum, shallower than tom-tom)
DE: Timbales (ein Trommelpaar)
FR: timbales
IT: timbales, timpanetti

timp

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_AF_IT_DSMFI_STR0001_0000093
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/timpani
EN: timpani (one or more), kettle drum(s)
DE: Pauke(n)
FR: timbales
IT: timpani

tom-tom

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom-tom_drum
EN: tom-tom (drum, has no snare)
DE: Tomtom (eine Trommel)
FR: tom-tom
IT: tom-tom

triangolo

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_ULEI_M0001995/3-triangeln
EN: triangle
DE: Triangel
FR: triangle
IT: triangolo

vibrafono

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibraphone
EN: vibraphone, vibraharp, vibes
DE: Vibraphon (ein Metallophon)
FR: vibraphone
IT: vibrafono

xilofono

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylophone
EN: xylophone (consisting of wooden bars struck with mallets, generally higher than marimba; see also marimba; do not confuse with campanelli)
DE: Xylophon (ein Aufschlagidiophon)
FR: xylophone
IT: xilofono

Keyboard instruments

celesta

Link: https://mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_MDMB_309605
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celesta
EN: celesta (keyboard instrument)
DE: Celesta
FR: celesta
IT: celesta

cemb

EN: cembalo, clavicembalo, spinet, virginal
DE: Cembalo, Clavicembalo
FR: clavecin
IT: clavicembalo, cembalo

cemb 4hands

EN: cembalo, etc. four-hands
DE: Cembalo vierhändig
FR: clavecin à quatre mains
IT: cembalo a quattro mani

clav

EN: clavecin
DE: Clavecin
FR: clavecin
IT: clavicembalo

clavicordo

EN: clavichord
DE: Klavichord
FR: clavicorde
IT: clavicordo

harmonium

EN: harmonium (a small reed organ)
DE: Harmonium
FR: harmonium
IT: armonium, armonio

hpcd

EN: harpsichord
DE: Harpsichord
FR: harpsichord
IT: harpsichord

keyb

EN: (unspecified) keyboard instrument
DE: Tasteninstrument
FR: instrument à clavier
IT: strumento a tastiera

org

EN: organ
DE: Orgel
FR: orgue
IT: organo

org 4hands

EN: organ four-hands
DE: Orgel vierhändig
FR: orgue à quattre mains
IT: organo a quattro mani

organetto

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_RMAH_107156_NL
EN: barrel organ, organo a rullo (not the accordion-like Italian folk instrument)
DE: Drehorgel, Leierkasten
FR: orgue de Barbarie
IT: organetto di Barberia

pf

EN: piano
DE: Pianoforte
FR: piano
IT: pianoforte

pf 4hands

EN: piano four-hands
DE: Pianoforte vierhändig
FR: piano à quattre mains
IT: pianoforte a quattro mani

physharmonica

Link: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_ULEI_M0003941/physharmonika
EN: physharmonica (keyboard instrument, resembles harmonium)
DE: Physharmonika
FR: physharmonica
IT:

spinetta

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinet
EN: spinet
DE: Spinett
FR: espinette, épinette
IT: spinetta

Basso continuo

b.fig

EN: bass, figured
DE: Bass, beziffert
FR: basse, chiffrée
IT: basso, cifrato

bc

EN: thoroughbass, basso continuo continuo
DE: Generalbass
FR: basse continue
IT: basso continuo

10.2 – Standard music terms

Standard terms

The section Standard terms contains standardized English terms that should be used in fields where English is required.

General terms

accidental

DE: Akkzidenz, Vorzeichen

added

DE: hinzugefügt

Note values - Notenwerte

A slash indicates American English / British English.

whole note / semibreve

DE: ganze Note

half note / minim

DE: halbe Note

quarter note / crotchet

DE: Viertelnote

eighth note / quaver

DE: Achtelnote

sixteenth note / semiquaver

DE: Sechzehntelnote

thirty-second note / demisemiquaver

DE: Zweiunddreißigstelnote

sixty-fourth note / hemidemisemiquaver

DE: Vierundsechzigstelnote

duplet

DE: Duole

triplet

DE: Triole

quadruplet

DE: Quartole

quintuplet

DE: Quintole

sextuplet

DE: Sextole

septuplet

DE: Septole

octuplet

DE: Oktole

Rest values - Pausenwerte

whole rest / semibreve rest

DE: ganze Pause

half rest / minim rest

DE: halbe Pause

quarter rest / crotchet rest

DE: Viertelpause

eighth rest / quaver rest

DE: Achtelpause

sixteenth rest / semiquaver rest

DE: Sechzehntelpause

thirty-second rest / demisemiquaver rest

DE: Zweiunddreißigstelpause

sixty-fourth rest / hemidemisemiquaver rest

DE: Vierundsechzigstelpause

10.3 – Standard watermarks

Watermarks

The section Watermarks contains standardized terms used to refer to watermarks.

Figures

Terms in italics refer to cross-references.

abbot
Agnus Dei: use lamb (Paschal)
anchor
ankh
antlers
balances: use scales
Basle crosier
bear and tamer
bell (outline / clapper) see also spherical bell
bicephalous: use double-headed
bishop’s crosier
bull’s head
bush: use shrub
cardinal’s hat
carriage: use coach
chalice: use goblet
chaplet
Christ on the cross
clover (broad-leafed)
coach
coat of arms
compass
compasses or pair of compasses: use compass
crescent
crosier see also Basle crosier, bishop’s crosier
cross of Lorraine
crown (with narrow / wide arch)
crozier (crosier) of Basle (Basel): use Basle crosier
dagger
eagle (single-headed / double-headed)
Egyptian cross: use ankh
falcon
fool’s cap: use foolscap
foolscap
four-legged animal: use quadruped
Freemason symbols
glove
goblet
Gothic letter
Gothic letter P with forked stem (turned outwards / inwards)
grapes: grapes / grape leaf / grapevine
griffin
gryphon: use griffin
halberd
hat (three-cornered)
hedgehog
horn (with baldric / additional motif)
horseman
ibex
ivy
lamb (Paschal)
Lamb of God: use lamb (Paschal)
laurel (wreath): use wreath
lily
lime tree
linden: use lime tree
Lorraine cross: use cross of Lorraine
mammal: use quadruped
merchant’s mark
mermaid (single / double tail)
miter: use mitre
mitre
mountain goat: use ibex
orb
pair of compasses: use compass
quadruped
quill
ram
rider: use horseman
rod of Basel: use Basle crosier
scales (with triangular/round pans)
scepter: use sceptre
sceptre
scythe
serpent: use snake
shape (tall / narrow / unidentified)
shears: use scissors
shrub (nondescript)
sickle
snake on a shaft
spherical bell
square
St. Andrew’s cross
stag (head/whole)
star (six points)
stork
sun (with face / rays)
swastika
three-cornered hat: see hat
three kings: use three magi
three magi
three wise men: use three magi
torch
tower (single / with extension / with gate)
tree (with leaves)
tree (with needles)
tricorne: use hat (three-cornered)
trident
unicorn
wild man
wreath

Descriptions

chain line
formed from a single piece of wire
wire lines (curved/straight)

10.4 – General abbreviations and terms

General abbreviations and terms

The section General abbreviations and terms contains terminology found throughout Muscat. When writing in free-text fields, it is advisable to avoid abbreviations and instead write out terms in full, when possible, for the benefit of other users who may not be familiar with these abbreviations.

acc

EN: accompaniment

appx

EN: appendix

Arr, arr.

EN: arrangement

Autograph

EN: autograph manuscript

?Autograph?

EN: possible autograph manuscript

B (key)

EN: B major (five sharps)

b (key)

EN: B minor (two sharps)

B|b (key)

EN: B-flat major (two flats)

b.fig

EN: figured bass on a bass part

cfr.

EN: compare

Chb

EN: choirbook (especially in records for printed music)

Chor-P

EN: chorus score (especially in records for printed music)

clm.

EN: column

EN: centimeter

CMP

EN: composite volume (type of Muscat template)

COL

EN: collection (type of Muscat template)

collab.

EN: collaborator

collection

EN: manuscript collection, printed collection

comp.

EN: composed (date of composition)

deest

EN: not in, missing from (especially in catalogs of works)

dir.

EN: conductor

diss.

EN: dissertation

ed.

EN: editor, edited by, edition

edn.

EN: edition

EDT

EN: printed music edition (type of Muscat template)

enl.

EN: enlarged/expanded edition

et al.

EN: and others

etc.

EN: et cetera

ex.

EN: copies (especially in records for printed music)

Excerpts

EN: excerpt(s)

EN: folio(s)

facs.

EN: facsimile

fasc.

EN: fascicle, gathering

fds.

EN: fold(s)

ibd., ibid

EN: in the same work cited above

idem

EN: by the same author

i.e.

EN: that is

Incip.

EN: incipit

incpl. or incpl

EN: incomplete

Jg.

EN: year

jun.

EN: junior

keyboard (etc.) score

EN: typically two staves with music arranged for keyboard instrument; in some cases may also include a vocal part

KLA

EN: piano score/vocal score (especially in records for printed music)

kpl.

EN: complete (especially in records for printed music)

LEC

child record (subentry) in a printed libretto collection (type of Muscat template)

LED

EN: printed libretto (type of Muscat template)

Lith.

EN: lithography

LSR

EN: handwritten libretto (type of Muscat template)

lvs.

EN: leaves

Ms., MS

EN: manuscript

MSS

EN: manuscripts

MSR

EN: music manuscript (type of Muscat template)

no.

EN: number

[no indication]

EN: no indication (used if an element such as a shelfmark might exist but this information is unknown to the cataloger)

olim

EN: former shelfmark

op.

EN: opus

Orgel-P

EN: organ score (especially in records for printed music)

EN: full score (especially in records for printed music)

EN: page(s)

part

EN: part (music notated for one instrument only, including keyboard)

passim

EN: over the next few pages

1.perf.

EN: date of first performance

perf.

EN: date of further performance

phil.

EN: philosophical

pl.no

EN: plate number

pr.

EN: print, printed

Prov.

EN: provenance, previous owner (person or institution)

PUB

EN: published (Muscat status)

pub.

EN: published

publ.

EN: published, date of publication

repr.

EN: reprinted, reprint

rev.

EN: revised (edition)

RISM A/I

EN: cross-reference to RISM series A/I

RISM B/

EN: cross-reference to RISM series B

score(s)

EN: score(s)

s.d. (sine dato)

EN: without date

ser.

EN: series

short score(s)

EN: piano reduction(s) or condensed score(s)

sketches

EN: sketch(es)

s.l. (sine loco)

EN: without place (in published works)

s.n. (sine nomine)

EN: without name (in published works)

EN: parts (especially in records for printed music)

SUB

child record (subentry) in a printed edition (EDT template)

suppl., supp.

EN: supplement

EN: incipit is transcribed

Tab

EN: tablature (especially in records for printed music)

TEC

child record (subentry) in a printed treatise collection (type of Muscat template)

TED

EN: printed treatise (type of Muscat template)

TSR

EN: handwritten treatise (type of Muscat template)

trans.

EN: translation, translated by

UNP

EN: unpublished (Muscat status)

vide

EN: see

vol.

EN: volume(s)

[without shelfmark]

EN: without shelfmark (used if the item lacks a shelfmark)

[without title]

EN: without title (used if the item lacks a title)

wm., wm

EN: watermark

EN: catalog of works

EN: born
EN: died
EN: mistakes within incipit corrected

EN: mistakes within incipit not corrected

10.5 – Ecclesiastical modes

Ecclesiastical modes

Western church modes:

EN: 1st tone (Dorian)

1tt

EN: 1st tone (Dorian), transposed

EN: 2nd tone (Hypodorian)

2tt

EN: 2nd tone (Hypodorian), transposed

EN: 3rd tone (Phrygian)

3tt

EN: 3rd tone (Phrygian), transposed

EN: 4th tone (Hypophrygian)

4tt

EN: 4th tone (Hypophrygian), transposed

EN: 5th tone (Lydian)

5tt

EN: 5th tone (Lydian), transposed

EN: 6th tone (Hypolydian)

6tt

EN: 6th tone (Hypolydian), transposed

EN: 7th tone (Mixolydian)

7tt

EN: 7th tone (Mixolydian), transposed

EN: 8th tone (Hypomixolydian)

8tt

EN: 8th tone (Hypomixolydian), transposed

EN: 9th tone (Aeolian)

9tt

EN: 9th tone (Aeolian), transposed

10t

EN: 10th tone (Hypoaeolian)

10tt

EN: 10th tone (Hypoaeolian), transposed

11t

EN: 11th tone (Ionian)

11tt

EN: 11th tone (Ionian), transposed

12t

EN: 2th tone (Hypoionian)

12tt

EN: 12th tone (Hypoionian), transposed

Byzantine modes:

Ēchos prōtos

EN: First mode of Byzantine music

Ēchos deuteros

EN: Second mode of Byzantine music

Ēchos tritos

EN: Third mode of Byzantine music

Ēchos tetartos

EN: Fourth mode of Byzantine music

Ēchos plagios prōtos

EN: First plagal mode of Byzantine music

Ēchos plagios deuteros

EN: Second plagal mode of Byzantine music

Ēchos barys

EN: Third plagal mode of Byzantine music

Ēchos plagios tetartos

EN: Fourth plagal mode of Byzantine music

10.6 – Keys

Keys

Major (mode): A, B, C, D, E, F, G, C|x, D|x, F|x, G|x, A|b, B|b, C|b, D|b, E|b, G|b

Minor (mode): a, b, c, d, e, f, g, a|x, d|x, f|x, g|x, a|b, b|b, c|b, d|b, e|b, g|b

Examples

EN: A major

EN: B major

EN: B minor

f|x

EN: F-sharp minor

B|b

EN: B-flat major

RISM Cataloging Guidelines